Marburg originated in central and east africa, and infects both human and nonhuman. Marburg virus disease is endemic in africa likely in african green monkeys and certain bats and can be transmitted to humans. Marburg haemorrhagic fever who regional office for africa. Nine important facts about the highly fatal marburg virus. Marburg hemorrhagic fever marburg hf is a rare but severe hemorrhagic fever which affects both humans and nonhuman primates. With approximately a 90% death rate and no treatment yet available, marburg virus research and development are a top priority. It may lead into the development of marburg virus disease when it affects the nonhuman primates and humans. Transmission to humans occurs via inhalation of aerosolized excreta, direct contact with excreta, or even ingestion of infected rats as a source of meat. One day abraham got his hands on a copy of laurie garretts the coming plague, a 1990s bestseller warning of future global pandemics, and he sensed his lifes calling.
Person to person transmission occurs when coming into contact with the blood. Rsv can cause a wide variety of respiratory disorders ranging from a mild cold to serious or even fatal disease of the lung in the very young and very old. In 1967, the first description of marburg virus was made. He would help people around the world survive deadly viral outbreaks, particularly from. Marburg virus singapore pdf ppt case reports symptoms. In humans, marburgviruses are responsible for marburg virus disease mvd, a. Marburg virus disease an overview sciencedirect topics. Liste alphabetique des maladies infectieuses necessitant des.
Marburg virus has the potential to be a serious public health threat, yet much more research is needed for us to understand the pathogenesis of the disease. Multidistrict outbreak of marburg virus diseaseuganda, 2012. Marburg virus definition of marburg virus by medical. Marburg virus or simply marburg is the common name for the the genus of viruses marburgvirus, which contains one species, lake victoria marburgvirus. Once a person is infected, the virus can spread through persontoperson contact. The treatment for marburg virus disease involves supportive care. Although, the virus circulates throughout the body, the highest concentrations are in the. Marburg virus is related to the ebola virus in that both viruses belong to the filovirus family. Marburg haemorrhagic fever was initially detected in 1967 after simultaneous outbreaks in marburg, from which the disease takes its name, and frankfurt in germany. The disease is known have to spread in both in europe and africa, affecting a large swathe of different populations.
Uganda has reported five 5 ebola virus disease outbreaks and three 3. The first outbreak occurred simultaneously in 1967 in marburg, frankfurt, and belgrade with 31 human cases, 7 of which were. Chlorocebus aethiops which today is a species protected by the international union for conservation of nature iucn red list of threatened species from uganda to marburg slenczka and klenk 2007. Marburg virus was first recognized in 1967, when outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever occurred simultaneously in laboratories in marburg and frankfurt, germany and in belgrade, yugoslavia now serbia. Ebola virus disease and marburg disease in pregnancy. After the initial transmission, the viruses can spread from person to person through contact with body fluids or contaminated needles. In the scientific literature, marburg hemorrhagic fever mhf is often. However, when it occurs, it has the potential to spread to other people, especially health care staff and family members who care for the patient. The first outbreak occurred simultaneously in 1967 in marburg, frankfurt, and belgrade with 31 human cases, 7 of which. Dec 21, 2014 marburg disease has a fatality rate of approximately 25 %. Pdf fortyfive years of marburg virus research researchgate. Multimammate rats mastomys natalensis are the animal reservoir for lassa virus virus is secreted in high concentrations in urine and feces. Aug 30, 2007 however, in 1998, the largest natural outbreak of marburg virus disease to date began in northeastern democratic republic of the congo drc.
Ebola disease is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. The main clinical features were headache, high fever, diarrhoea, a very characteristic rash, severe bleeding tendency and involvement of the central nervous system. This protein mediates infection by binding to the viral envelope glycoprotein. This illustrates the protective clothing worn by nursing staff. Symptoms of ebola virus disease occur after an incubation period ranging from several days to 3 weeks 5. When a person or a nonhuman primate is infected by the virus, they should be treated in biosafety level 4equivalent containment. Thereafter, marv was reported throughout subsaharan africa. International academy of biological dentistry and medicine 2018. Marburg hf is caused by marburg virus, a genetically unique zoonotic or, animalborne rna virus of the filovirus family. The filoviruses are nonsegmented, negativesense, singlestranded rna. This article provides a comprehensive overview of our current knowledge about marburg virus disease ranging from ecology to pathogenesis and molecular. Marburg virus definition is a filovirus species lake victoria marburgvirus of the genus marburgvirus that causes an often fatal hemorrhagic fever and was originally transmitted to humans from green monkeys.
Forty years ago, in early august 1967, the first filovirus ever detected, marburg virus, made its appearance in europe, causing severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever in laboratory workers in marburg and frankfurt and, about 4 weeks later, in belgrade. Marburg virus disease mvd is the official name listed in the world health organizations international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems 10 icd10 for the human disease caused by any of the two marburgviruses marburg virus marv and ravn virus ravv. It is a zoonosis an animal disease that can spread to humans believed to be transmitted by african fruit bats rousettus aegyptiacus to humans. Infecciones por importancia ebolavirus y marburgvirus. Marv rna was detected in pooled liver, spleen, and lung tissue of an apparently healthy, pregnant, female r. Marburg virus brazil pdf ppt case reports symptoms. The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and then spreads in the human population through. Mvd is a viral hemorrhagic fever vhf, and the clinical symptoms are indistinguishable from ebola virus disease evd. Marburg virus is one of 2 viruses belonging to the filovirus family. Marburg virus news and research rss marburg virus or simply marburg is the common name for the the genus of viruses marburgvirus, which contains one species, lake victoria marburgvirus. Marburg virus disease is caused by viruses that produce symptoms of fever, chills, headaches and muscle aches early in the disease. Marburg virus definition of marburg virus by merriamwebster. Marburg virus is a hemorrhagic fever virus of the filoviridae family of viruses and a member of the species marburg marburgvirus, genus marburgvirus. Jul 02, 2017 the disease is known have to spread in both in europe and africa, affecting a large swathe of different populations.
Ebola virus disease, first recognized in 1976 in the democratic republic of the congo, is a serious and often fatal illness in humans and nonhuman primates. Introduction to ebola virus disease world health organization. Protect yourself and your colleagues at the workplace. Marburg virus disease definition of marburg virus disease. Detailed discussions of ebola virus disease are found elsewhere. The only one of these viruses that poses a potential threat is hepatitis e, a virus that clinically looks like hav, causes an acute infection, and is spread by the fecal.
Above, nurse being sprayed with chlorine while leaving the isolation ward. Oct 01, 2012 a location of marburg virus marv infections circle sizes correspond to reported number of marv cases and distribution of the egyptian fruit bat rousettus aegyptiacus in africa. However, in 1998, the largest natural outbreak of marburg virus disease to date began in northeastern democratic republic of the congo drc. Centers for disease control and prevention office of public health scientific services ophss center for surveillance, epidemiology, and laboratory services csels. Apr 01, 2020 ebola virus and marburg virus live in animal hosts, and humans can contract the viruses from infected animals. The marburg virus disease mvd is severe and highly fatal. Once restricted to africa, cases of the virus have been identified in.
Marburg virus disease, formerly known as marburg virus hemorrhagic fever, disease caused by infection with a marburg virus, a filovirus that belongs to a family filoviridae of rna viruses that also includes ebola virus. Knowledge and attitude towards ebola and marburg virus diseases. Marburg and ebola viruses are both members of the filoviridae family filovirus. Thirtyone people became ill, initially laboratory workers followed by several medical personnel and family members who had cared for them. Marburg virus, what you need to know about this deadly disease. The marburg virus is named after marburg, a small town in central germany, where the disease was first detected in 1967. The aetiological agent was identified as an rns virus and was named marburg virus. Marburg virus marv causes marburg virus disease in humans and nonhuman primates, a form of viral hemorrhagic fever symptoms. A big one is that field clinics operating in remote settings desperately need a simple, rapid, and accurate test that can tell doctors on the spotwith just a drop of bloodwhether or not a person has an active ebola infection. Epidemiologists have tested bats, monkeys, spiders and ticks for the virus, but were not able to acquire definitive data. Fruit bats infected with marburg virus do not to show obvious signs of illness. Marburg virus disease is haemorrhagic fever caused by a filovirus, which normally affects nonhuman primates.
Nearly all organs were involved and showed severe cell necroses. A large number of men in this region work for the kilo moto mining company, which runs a number of illegal gold mines in. An outbreak of ebola virus disease evd in west africa, with onset in early. Marburg hemorrhagic fever centers for disease control. Marburgvirus infections ebola and marburg virus disease, ebola and marburg hemorrhagic fever, african hemorrhagic fever in africa.
The reservoir host of marburg virus is the african fruit bat, rousettus aegyptiacus. It is not known exactly how humans become infected with the marburg virus. Marburg virus is a singlestranded rna virus genus marburgvirus, family filoviridae that is the etiologic agent of marburg hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates mehedi et al. Growing up in queens, ny, jonathan abraham developed a love for books and an interest in infectious diseases. Barrier and isolation techniques are the best preventive measures for marburg infections. Although, the virus circulates throughout the body, the highest concentrations are in. Introduction marburg virus disease mvd formerly known as marburg hemorrhagic fever was first identified in 1967 during epidemics in marburg and frankfurt in germany and belgrade in the former yugoslavia from importation of infected. Alphabetical listing of infectious diseases requiring. The disease first appeared in europe in 1967 after importing green monkeys grivet. Outbreak of ebola virus disease in west africa ecdc.
Get the facts on the history, symptoms, and treatment of marburg virus disease, formerly known as marburg hemorrhagic fever. Primates including humans can become infected with marburg virus, and may develop serious disease with high mortality. August 2016 importance ebolaviruses and marburgviruses are incompletely understood pathogens that. This can lead to significant internal bleeding and organ failure. Marburg virus an rna virus occurring in africa, transmitted by insect bites, and causing marburg virus disease. Four of six known virus species of the ebolavirus genus are known to infect humans and cause ebola virus disease. Recent evidence suggests that humans get the virus through contact with infected animals. Mvd is a viral hemorrhagic fever vhf, and the clinical symptoms are indistinguishab le from ebola virus disease evd.
Clinical aspects of marburg hemorrhagic fever medscape. The filoviruses are nonsegmented, negativesense, singlestranded rna viruses. Albeit rare, mvd is an extremely contagious disease that causes outbreaks with a large number of fatalities. Marburg virus disease is a severe disease that causes haemorrhagic fever in humans and animals. See epidemiology and pathogenesis of ebola virus disease and clinical manifestations and diagnosis of ebola virus disease and treatment and prevention of ebola virus disease. The names ebola virus disease or marburg virus disease are now preferred by the world health organization who and some other groups. The following nine facts provide details on mvd, one of the. A hitherto unknown infectious disease contracted from monkeys.
Apr 27, 2019 detailed discussions of ebola virus disease are found elsewhere. Marburg virus disease is a zoonotic infection that produces symptoms such as chills, headaches, fever, and muscle aches. Most species of ebolaviruses and the only known species of marburgvirus occur hosts are probably bats, while other animals and people are incidental hosts. In the late summer of 1967, several patients suffering from a severe disease were admitted to the department of medicine of the marburg university. Person to person transmission occurs when coming into contact with the blood and. The incubation period the time interval from infection to. Like ebola, marburg virus is found in africa and rarely infects humans, but can cause outbreaks with high mortality rates. Scientists discover how marburg virus grows in cells. Along with ebola virus, marburg virus causes a severe and highly fatal haemorrhagic fever called marburg virus disease which is. Marburg hemorrhagic fever centers for disease control and.
Forty years of marburg virus the journal of infectious. Marburg virus marv causes marburg virus disease in humans and nonhuman primates, a form of viral hemorrhagic fever. Check facts about marburg virus if you want to be informed with hemorrhagic fever virus. Questo virus naturale puo causare una malattia emorragica. Marburgvirus, genus of viruses in family filoviridae, known for causing severe disease in humans and other primates.
Marburg haemorrhagic fever was initially detected in 1967 after simultaneous outbreaks in marburg and frankfurt in germany. A faint band was obtained only after nested rtpcr, which suggests that the rna load was limited. This time, the focus of the outbreak was a town called durba population 16,000. The virus causes the disease marburg hemorrhagic fever mhf, also referred to as marburg virus disease. The following nine facts provide details on mvd, one of the most dangerous viruses in the world. Interim guidance about ebola virus infection for airline. One species has been described, marburg marburgvirus formerly lake victoria marburgvirus, which is represented by two viruses, ravn virus ravv and marburg virus marv. Marburg virus is the causative agent of marburg haemorrhagic fever mhf, a disease with a case fatality ratio of up to 88%. The aetiological agent was identified as an rnsvirus and was named marburg virus. Marburg virus disease mvd is a viral infection caused by the marburg virus belonging to the filoviridae family. Lake victoria marburgvirus marv causes severe hemorrhagic fever with a high casefatality rate in humans.
Ebola virus and marburg virus disease reference guide. Diseases that cause haemorrhagic fevers, such as marburg, are often fatal as they affect the bodys vascular system how blood moves through the body. Marburg originated in central and east africa, and infects both human and nonhuman primates. In 1960s, the people began to notice on the presence of marburg after its low level of outbreak in a number of cities in 1960s. It soon became obvious that the illness was a hither. Marburg virus definition of marburg virus by medical dictionary. Marburg hemorrhagic fever is a very rare human disease. Outbreak locations red circles and sites of initial infection for exported cases of marburg virus disease mvd purple circles are shown. Questionnaire that was used to collect quantitative data. Risk factors include exposure to african green monkeys and certain bats. For the marburg virus to infect the hosts cell an essential element is needed. Like ebola, marburg virus is found in africa and rarely infects humans, but can cause outbreaks with high mortality rates roughly 20% to 90% when it does.
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